Analysis of Urban Heat Islands and the Effects of Land Use Changes and Its Synoptic Patterns (Case Study of Ramsar City).

Analysis of Urban Heat Islands and the Effects of Land Use Changes and Its Synoptic Patterns



This study aimed to evaluate the effects of urban land use changes on land surface temperature (LST) in Ramsar utilizing a comprehensive methodology that employed Landsat imagery. The results indicated that the built-up index (BI) and built-up area (BU) indices experienced significant growth, increasing by ~157.5% and 38.91%, respectively. In contrast, the normalized difference water index (NDWI) exhibited a negative trend, decreasing by ~61.2%. In the base year, man-made land use accounted for ~20% of the city’s area. By 2022, this proportion had risen to ~76%, reflecting an impressive growth rate of 230.4%. This increase in man-made land use demonstrated a strong and positive correlation with the BI and BU indices at confidence levels of 0.01 and 0.05. Furthermore, the urban LST rose from ~35.55°C in the base year to ~38.91°C in 2022. Read the research paper!

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