World Meteorological Day

The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is a globally significant ecological barrier, and its ecological water requirement (EWR) is of great importance for the stability of regional ecosystems and water resource management. Based on meteorological data, this study employed the Penman–Monteith method, combined with the vegetation coefficient (Kc) and soil moisture limitation coefficient (Ks), to estimate the EWR and ecological water deficit (EWD) for the entire Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and its 11 climate zones from 1991 to 2020. The spatiotemporal variation patterns were also analyzed. The results indicate:  (1) Among the seven major vegetation types, low cover grassland has the highest EWR (7.28 × 1010 m³), while other forest land has the lowest (0.04 × 1010 m³).  (2) In the wet year (2014), normal water year (2016), and dry year (2012), vegetation growth across the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau generally shows a water surplus, with the wet year having a greater surplus than the dry year.  (3) Ex...

  Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation plays a crucial role in various environmental, atmospheric, and industrial applications, despite covering only a small portion of the electromagnetic solar radiation. The distribution of UV radiation reaching the Earth’s surface is influenced by multiple environmental, atmospheric, and astronomical factors, some of which require further investigation. The aim of this study is to explore the potential impact of cosmic rays and space weather parameters on solar UV radiation . To achieve this, the study utilized solar UV data collected from the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) radiometric station, situated in central Saudi Arabia (latitude 24 43, longitude 46 40, altitude 613 m) for the period 2015–2021, along with space weather parameters. These parameters include solar radio flux at 10.7 cm (F10.7 cm) and sunspot number (SSN), as well as cosmic ray data from the Oulu neutron monitor for the same period as the UV data. The stu...